分子式：C₃H₈NO₅P　 分子量：169.08

结构式：

O　　　　 O

‖　　　 ‖

HOCCH₂NHCH₂P(OH)₂

1.概述

草甘膦为有机磷类除草剂。商品名称为草甘膦(glyphosate)。化学 名称是N-(膦羧甲基)甘氨酸［N-(phosphono methyl)glycine］。

草甘膦主要通过抑制植物体内烯醇丙酮基莽草素磷酸合成酶，从而抑制莽草素向苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸及色氨酸的转化，使蛋白质的合成受到干扰导致植物死亡。草甘膦以内吸传导性强而 著称，且杀草谱很广，但豆科和百合科一些植物对草甘膦的抗性较强。草甘膦入土后很快与铁、铝等金属离子结合而失去活性，对土壤中潜藏的种子和土壤微生物无不良影响。

按我国农药毒性分级标准，草甘膦属低毒除草剂。原粉大鼠急性经口LD₅₀为4300mg /kg，兔急性经皮LD₅₀＞5000mg/kg。在试验条件下对动物未见致畸、致突变，致癌作用。大鼠三代繁殖试验未见异常。大鼠两年饲喂试验无作用剂量为34.02(雌)和31.49( 雄)mg/kg/d。草甘膦对鱼和水生物毒性较低，对蜜蜂和鸟类无毒害。

草甘膦制剂有农达41%水剂；10%草甘膦铵盐水剂。进口商品农达41%水剂由草甘膦异丙胺盐41%，表面活性剂和水组成。

农达41%水剂已在我国正式登记，登记号PD73－88，登记作物为柑桔园。登记厂家为美国孟 山都公司(Monsanto Company)。

2.性质

纯品为非挥发性白色固体，约在230℃左右熔化，并伴随分解。25℃时水中溶解度为1.2%，不溶于一般有机溶剂，其异丙胺盐完全溶于水。不可燃、不爆炸 、常温贮存稳定。原药对中炭钢、镀锌铁皮(马口铁)有腐蚀作用。

农达41%水剂外观为琥珀色透明粘性液体，常温下贮存两年内稳定。

3.用途

用于农田、林业、果园及胶园除草。

4.产制

5.主要生产国家

美国孟山都公司

6.产品质量规格

进口农达41%水剂：

有效成分：含草甘膦异丙胺盐41%；比重(20℃)：1.17；外观：琥珀色透明粘性液体。

7.包装及储运

进口农达41%水剂的包装是用适宜长途运输海运的塑料桶，每桶净容量200L。

8.检验方法

进口农达41%水剂中有效成分含量的测定可采用液相色谱法。流动相为0.0062M KH₂PO₄水溶液/甲醇(96/4)。草甘膦标样和试样均用流动相溶解，用 250×4.6ｍｍ Ｐａｒｔｉｓｉｌ 10 SAX不锈钢柱分离，用紫外检测器在195nm处检测，根据标样和试样的色谱峰峰面积和质量计算有效成分的含量。

Consumer Factsheet on: GLYPHOSATE

EPA

As part of the Drinking Water and Health pages, this fact sheet is part of a larger publication:
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

This is a factsheet about a chemical that may be found in some public or private drinking watersupplies. It may cause health problems if found in amounts greater than the health standard set bythe United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

What is Glyphosate and how is it used?

Glyphosate is an organic solid of odorless white crystals. It is a non-selective herbicide used onmany food and non-food crops as well as non-crop areas such as roadsides. When applied atlower rates, it serves as a plant growth regulator. The most common uses include control ofbroadleaf weeds and grasses in: hay/pasture, soybeans, field corn; ornamentals, lawns, turf, forestplantings, greenhouses, rights-of-way.

The list of trade names given below may help you find out whether you are using this chemical athome or work.

Trade Names and Synonyms:

Glialka
Roundup
Sting
Rodeo
Spasor
Muster
Tumbleweed
Sonic
Glifonox
Glycel
Rondo
　

Why is Glyphosate being Regulated?

In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act. This law requires EPA to determine safelevels of chemicals in drinking water which do or may cause health problems. Thesenon-enforceable levels, based solely on possible health risks and exposure, are called MaximumContaminant Level Goals.

The MCLG for glyphosate has been set at 0.7 parts per million (ppm) because EPA believes thislevel of protection would not cause any of the potential health problems described below.

Based on this MCLG, EPA has set an enforceable standard called a maximum Contaminant Level(MCL). MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as possible, considering the ability of public watersystems to detect and remove contaminants using suitable treatment technologies.

The MCL has been set at 0.7 ppm because EPA believes, given present technology and resources,this is the lowest level to which water systems can reasonably be required to remove thiscontaminant should it occur in drinking water.

These drinking water standards and the regulations for ensuring these standards are met, arecalled National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. All public water supplies must abide bythese regulations.

What are the Health Effects?

Short-term: EPA has found glyphosate to potentially cause the following health effects whenpeople are exposed to it at levels above the MCL for relatively short periods of time: congestionof the lungs; increased breathing rate.

Long-term: Glyphosate has the potential to cause the following effects from a lifetime exposure atlevels above the MCL: kidney damage, reproductive effects.

How much Glyphosate is produced and released to the environment?

Glyphosate is released to the environment in its use as a herbicide for controlling woody andherbaceous weeds on forestry, right-of-way, cropped and non-cropped sites. These sites may bearound water and in wetlands.

It may also be released to the environment during its manufacture, formulation, transport, storage,disposal and cleanup, and from spills. Glyphosate is among the most widely used pesticides byvolume. Usage in 1990 was estimated to be 11,595,000 pounds. It ranked eleventh amongconventional pesticides in the US during 1990-91. In recent years, 13 to 20 million acres weretreated with 18.7 million lbs. annually.

What happens to Glyphosate when it is released to the environment?

Glyphosate is strongly adsorbed to soil, with little potential for leaching to ground water.Microbes in the soil readily and completely degrade it even under low temperature conditions. Ittends to adhere to sediments when released to water. Glyphosate does not tend to accumulate inaquatic life.

How will Glyphosate be Detected in and Removed from My Drinking Water?

The regulation for glyphosate became effective in 1994. Between 1993 and 1995, EPA requiredyour water supplier to collect water samples every 3 months for one year and analyze them to findout if glyphosate is present above 6 parts per billion. If it is present above this level, the systemmust continue to monitor this contaminant.

If contaminant levels are found to be consistently above the MCL, your water supplier must takesteps to reduce the amount of glyphosate so that it is consistently below that level. The followingtreatment methods have been approved by EPA for removing glyphosate: Granular activatedcharcoal.

How will I know if Glyphosate is in my drinking water?

If the levels of glyphosate exceed the MCL, 0.7 ppm, the system must notify the public vianewspapers, radio, TV and other means. Additional actions, such as providing alternativedrinking water supplies, may be required to prevent serious risks to public health.

Drinking Water Standards:

Mclg: 0.7 ppm

Mcl: 0.7 ppm